Story of Keith Richards

Keith Richards (born in Dartford, Kent, England, United Kingdom, December 18, 1943) is an English rock musician. Keith Richards also played in the movie Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End as Teague Sparrow, father of Captain Jack Sparrow.

Aside from being a musician and actor, Keith Richards also is a songwriter, record producer is also the author of the category 'Best Seller', known as one of the founders of the band The Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards is famous for its innovative guitar rhythm game, so placing it on the ranking of 10 in "100 Best Guitarist of All Time "magazine version of Rolling Stones in 2003, Together with fellow songwriter and singer Mick Jagger, Richards has written and recorded hundreds of songs, 14 of them included in the" 500 Best Song of All Time "magazine version of the Rolling Stones.

The only child of Bert Richards and Doris Dupree Richards, Keith Richards was born in Dartford, Kent. His father was a factory worker, was injured during World War II. Their residence in Chastilian Road hit by bomb V-1 flying bombs Nazi soldiers on July 5, 1944 when she and her mother went visiting Bert Richards Hospital Normandy invasion. The parents of the father is a social worker and leader of the social institutions. Father from his mother (Augustus Theodore Dupree), who often tour the UK with a jazz group named 'Gus Dupree and his Boys' was the first musical influences and desires him interested in guitar playing. His mother introduced the music of Billie Holiday, Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington for the first time then buy a kind of acoustic guitar brands Rosetti for 7 pounds while less supportive father often says "Stop the noise!". His first idol was a guitar player Scotty Moore.

Richards entered the same school with Mick Jagger, Wentworth Primary School. Both had known each other during school and lived next door until 1954. In the same year Richards family moved to a new place he described as 'soul destroying residential areas housing officials in most suburban areas' which looks like a 'dull concrete jungle'. This new residence makes little confused Richards can not be everywhere, so he moved the school a year later in Dartford Technical School (at that time which later split into 2 schools), namely Wilmington Grammar School for Boys and Wilmington Enterprise College who lived in 1955 - 1959.
Jake Clair choir leader in Dartford Technical School saw Richards singing ability and put it in the school choir. Richards sang soprano in a trio group of children, one witnessed his performance in Westminster Abbey the queen Elizabeth II.

1962 Richards left the Sidcup Art College to pursue a music career is just starting blazes and moved into a flat in London with Jagger and Jones. At almost the same time his parents divorced. Richards still maintain a relationship with her mother, who strongly supported his musical activities, but increasingly tenuous relationship with his father did not even contact each other until 1982.

Richards riveting style grip and rhythm guitar playing, highly skilled avoid repeating the same guitar riff (in a musical composition) called guitarist Chris Spedding as "direct, clear and with no strings attached". Richards prefers performing with another guitarist and always accompanied by another guitarist on every tour. Chuck Berry is always a source of inspiration. Richards and Jagger often brought her music in their first band Little Boy Blue and the Blue Boys and the Jagger and Richards are introduced to music early appearance Berry Rolling Stones, Jimmy Reed's music and Muddy Waters is another source of inspiration and on which to base the style of mixing and match rhythm melody developed dam Richards and Brian Jones.

In the late 1960s further reduced the role of Brian Jones, Richards handed the guitar entirely on the number of track record, including a slide guitar that is the expertise of Jones in the early years of the group. Jones replacement guitarist, Mick Taylor work with the Rolling Stones from 1969 to 1974 and he is very skilled to play melody, revealing a clear distinction between melody and rhythm boundary, it is important in an appearance. In 1975 Taylor was replaced by Ronnie Wood style game marks the return of mutual support that he and Richards call 'art of the ancient passage'.

Year 1967/1968 Rolling Stones kicked off "a number of tour provides an opportunity to focus on Richards 'Open Tunings'". Open Tunings usually played on slide guitar but Richards to play on the game rhythm. In the play he developed innovative and distinctive style that is by holding the chord sound and vibrate on the strings I-IV that can be heard on "Street Fighting Man" and "Start Me Up". Richards uses a variety of open Tunings (besides using a standard tone) but with 5 strings favorite variation of tone GDGBD wear with open G string without pressing 6 (bass). Some Telecasternya tuned guitars like this and setting like this is very visible on the color of the Rolling Stones music also appeared in concert "Hongky Tonk Women, Brown Sugar and Start Me Up".

Richards prioritize the use of acoustic guitar as the basis for his guitar playing and once said: "... you will never get the most out on an electric guitar because you lose touch". Richards' acoustic guitar playing is heard on many numbers throughout career including the Rolling Stones "Not Fade Away," "Brown Sugar", "Beast of Burden" and "Almost Hear You Sigh". All the guitar sounds contained in the song "Street Fighting Man" studio version, is the acoustic guitar in a way bring him closer to the microphone means of a mini cassette recorder, the same techniques are also used on the number "Jumpin'Jack Flash".

Richards describes his job like the Rolling Stones 'gave the oil on the engine', Ian Stewart called it the leader of the music Rolling Stones, Bill Wyman and Ronnie Wood, both said that while members of other bands followed the drummer, all personnel to follow Richards Rolling Stones. In 1978 Wyman once said "you can not go on stage to play without following the game".

Keith Richards playing bass in a recording studio the Rolling Stones, from "Have You Seen Your Mother Baby Standing In The Shadow" (1966) to "Inflamy" (2005). An unusual event was when she and Bill Wyman are both desperate need to play the bowed double bass on "Ruby Tuesday" (1967). Wyman can press and strum the strings while Richards parts swipe bowstring.

Richards and Jagger collaborated writing songs in 1963, following The Beatles' Lennon / McCartney and can support from manager Andrew Loog Oldham The Rolling Stones, who saw the band's success just one step. The results of the initial kolaborsi Richards and Jagger also recorded by other artists, including Gene Pitney, who wrote the song "That Girl Belongs to Yesterday" is so the sequence no. 1 on the UK Top Ten singles. Richards recalled "We write songs only air finally entered the Top 10 hits. ... There is nothing to us, unless we just wrote it, that's all."

Rolling Stones original work of Jagger / Richards first to enter a top-ten hit "The Last Time" (1965) and "Satisfaction" (1965) so the song no. A class of their world. (Richards declared the music "Satisfaction" came while she slept, woke up so she had plenty of time to record it in his room cassette recorder). Since the album Aftermath (1966) almost a whole album contains the work of Jagger / Richards. Their music is no influence of blues, R & B, rock & roll, pop, soul, gospel and country. Passing through the 70's music they incorporate elements of funk, disco, reggae and punk. Richards also recorded ballads such as "All About You" (1980).

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Story of Michael Bublé

Michael Steven Bublé (born 9 September 1975) is a Canadian singer. Michael Bublé was born in the city of Burnaby, British Columbia to Lewis Bublé, a salmon fisherman, and Amber (née Santagà). He has two younger sisters, Crystal (an actress) and Brandee. He attended Seaforth Elementary School and Cariboo Hill Secondary School. According to an Oprah interview on 9 October 2009, Bublé dreamed of becoming a famous singer since age two. When he was a teenager, he slept with his Bible and prayed to become a singer. Bublé's interest in jazz music began around age five when his family played Bing Crosby's White Christmas album at Christmas time. The first time that his family noticed his singing talent was at Christmas time when Bublé was 13 years old, and they heard him powerfully sing the phrase "May your days be merry and bright" when the family was singing to the song "White Christmas" in a car ride.

Bublé's first national TV performance was on a 1997 award-winning Bravo! documentary titled Big Band Boom!, directed by Mark Glover Masterson.

He has won several awards, including three Grammy Awards and multiple Juno Awards. His first album reached the top ten in Canada and the UK. He found worldwide commercial success with his 2005 album It's Time, and his 2007 album Call Me Irresponsible was an even bigger success, reaching number one on the Canadian Albums Chart, the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, the Australian ARIA Albums Chart and the European charts. Bublé has sold more than 35 million albums worldwide.

Bublé had a strong passion for ice hockey and wanted to become a professional ice hockey player for the Vancouver Canucks growing up, but believed he was not good at it, stating: "I wanted so bad to be a hockey player... If I was any good at hockey, I probably wouldn't be singing right now." Bublé often played hockey in his youth, watched Vancouver Canucks games with his father, and said that he "went to every single home game as a kid. . . I remember I wanted to be Gary Lupul, I wanted to be Patrik Sundstrom and Ivan Hlinka. I used to think that being named Michael Bublé was pretty cool because I was close to being called Jiri Bubla." Bublé also shared his hockey interest with his grandfather.

From age 14, Bublé spent six years working during the summer as a commercial fisherman with his father and crewmates. Bublé described his work experience as "The most deadly physical work I’ll ever know in my lifetime. We’d be gone for two, sometimes three months at a time and the experience of living and working among guys over twice my age taught me a lot about responsibility and what it means to be a man."

His first singing engagements were in nightclubs at the age of 16 and were facilitated by his Italian grandfather Demetrio Santagà, a plumber originally from the small town of Preganziol, about 20 kilometres from Venice, who offered his plumbing services in exchange for stage time for his grandson. Bublé's grandfather also paid for his singing lessons. One of his vocal instructors was Joseph Shore, the opera baritone. Bublé grew up listening to his grandfather's collection of jazz records and credits his grandfather in encouraging his love for jazz music. "My grandfather was really my best friend growing up. He was the one who opened me up to a whole world of music that seemed to have been passed over by my generation. Although I like rock 'n' roll and modern music, the first time my granddad played me the Mills Brothers, something magical happened. The lyrics were so romantic, so real, the way a song should be for me. It was like seeing my future flash before me. I wanted to be a singer and I knew that this was the music that I wanted to sing." Bublé never stopped believing that he would become a star but admitted he was probably the only one who believed in his dream, stating that even his maternal grandfather thought Bublé was going to be "an opening act for somebody in Las Vegas". Bublé's maternal grandmother Iolanda Moscone was also Italian, from Carrufo, Villa Santa Lucia degli Abruzzi, Italy. Bublé has stated he never learned to read and write music, using only emotion to drive his songwriting ability.

At the age of 18, Bublé entered a local talent contest and won. But after winning, he was disqualified by organizer Bev Delich because he was underage. After that, Delich entered Bublé in the Canadian Youth Talent Search, which he won. Following that win, Bublé asked Delich to be his manager. Delich signed on and represented Bublé for the next seven not-so-fruitful years. According to Delich, Bublé would do every gig imaginable, including talent shows, conventions, cruise ships, malls, hotel lounges, bars, clubs, corporate gigs, musical revues, singing telegrams, and even the occasional singing Santa Claus gig.

Beginning in 1997, Bublé also became a frequent guest on Vicki Gabereau's national talk show on the CTV network. During its first season the Vancouver-based program aired live, which ultimately worked in Bublé's favor. When a scheduled guest was forced to cancel, the show's music producer (Mark Fuller) often asked Bublé to fill in at the last minute. On one occasion, Bublé shared guest duties with fellow British Columbian Diana Krall, who was already a Grammy-nominated jazz musician. According to Fuller, Krall was suitably impressed with Bublé's performance. The Gabereau appearances provided Bublé with great exposure, but they also helped the singer hone his television skills as a performer and as an interview guest. In a mutual show of gratitude, Bublé appeared on the final Gabereau show in 2005, along with Jann Arden and Elvis Costello.

Bublé received two Genie Award-nominations in 2000 for two songs he wrote for the film Here's to Life! ("I've Never Been in Love Before", "Dumb ol' Heart"). He recorded three independent albums (First Dance, 1996; Babalu, 2001; Dream, 2002). But by 25 years of age, Bublé moved from British Columbia to Toronto, Ontario and was ready to give up the dream of professional musicianship to move back to Vancouver, British Columbia to pursue a career in journalism, when his lucky break came in 2000.

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Mr. Big

Mr. Big is a rock music group from the United States which was formed in 1988. The band is a quartet comprised of Eric Martin (vocals), Paul Gilbert (guitar), Billy Sheehan (bass), and Pat Torpey (drums). Mr. Big also included Richie Kotzen, a reputation-based blues guitarist who replaced Gilbert in 1999. the band was known primarily for their music, and print a number of hits. their songs are often characterized by strong vocals and harmony vocals. their hits include "To Be With You" number (Billboard Hot 100 single in 15 countries for weeks, in 1991) and "Green-Tinted Sixties Mind".

After bass player Billy Sheehan left David Lee Roth in 1988, he began piecing together a new band with the help of Mike Varney from Shrapnel Records, a label specialized in the shredding genre. He recruited Eric Martin, of the rock-oriented Eric Martin Band and also soul-leaning solo artist, and soon thereafter added guitarist Gilbert and drummer Torpey. Gilbert was already a well-respected guitarist who had released two albums with his Los Angeles-based band Racer X. Torpey came to California from Arizona, and toured with a number of high-profile artists, most notably Robert Plant.

(1989 - 1997)

The newly formed band hired Herbie Herbert, the former manager of Journey, Europe, and Santana, to be their manager. By 1989, they signed with Atlantic Records and released their self-titled debut the same year. The record did not gain the band a mainstream rock audience stateside, but was a success in Japan. In June 1990, the group toured in America opening for Rush. In August 1990, two songs, "Strike Like Lightning" and "Shadows", performed by Mr. Big were exclusively released on the soundtrack album of the action film Navy Seals.

Mr. Big's second album, 1991's Lean Into It, was a major commercial breakthrough, especially two ballads, "To Be with You" (number one song in fifteen countries) and "Just Take My Heart", as well as the song "Green-Tinted Sixties Mind". They toured the UK in April and May 1991 and again in 1992, releasing a live album, Mr. Big Live, in 1992. For three nights, they opened for Aerosmith at London's Wembley Arena.
In 1993, another ballad, a cover of Cat Stevens' "Wild World", (from their third album, Bump A head) peaked at #27 on the Billboard Hot 100. Although it is said that the band also contributed the soundtrack to the Sega Mega CD release of The Amazing Spider-Man vs. The Kingpin, the songs actually featured Eric Martin with musicians hired by Sega.

They released "Hey Man" in 1996. The song "Take Cover" was included on the soundtrack to the cartoon series Mega Man.
Although the band never replicated its earlier success in the US market, their popularity continued to soar in Japan; they also gained a stabler following in newer Southeast Asian markets such as Thailand and South Korea. In Japan and in the rest of Asia, on the other hand, they continued to sell out tours, resulting in a number of live releases for the Japanese market.
Live At Budokan was one of those live release intended for the Japanese market only. By the time that album appeared the group had been put on ice as the individual band members became more engrossed in other projects; the band temporarily broke up in 1997.

Gilbert's departure and new line-up (1997–2002)

Paul Gilbert left the band in 1997, and eventually reformed Racer X. Richie Kotzen, another Shrapnel artist and former guitarist for Poison, was brought in as a guitar player. Two studio albums were released by this lineup: Get Over It in 2000, and Actual Size in 2001. Get Over It was released on September 1999, in Japan, and yielded "Superfantastic," a multi-platinum number one hit in Japan. Mr. Big performed a twenty-date tour of Japan followed by a New Year's Eve 1999 show with Aerosmith at the Tokyo Dome in Tokyo. Get Over It was released in the US in March 2000, followed by a short club stint at "Roxy", California.

In 2001, Mr. Big released Actual Size in Asia. The CD sat on the charts in the number three spot and "Shine", the first single, was number one. The song was also used as the ending theme for the animation series Hellsing.

However, tension had developed between Billy Sheehan and the other members when Billy began touring with Steve Vai. Eric Martin, Richie Kotzen, and Pat decided to write songs without Billy, and Billy was only given credit for two songs on Actual Size. Eric Martin and the others were also upset for Billy Sheehan's attitude during the recording of the Shine music video. This was when Eric Martin and the others decided the only way to keep moving forward was to fire Billy Sheehan. After firing Sheehan, Mr. Big's tour manager was furious since Billy Sheehan's name would sell tickets. The tour manager reacted by pulling the plug on the tour, forcing Eric Martin and the others to ask Billy Sheehan if he would like to rejoin the band. Sheehan agreed to rejoin the band, however only for the farewell tour.

Mr Big still active and popular for more than two decades, despite internal conflicts and changes in music trends. They disbanded in 2002, but after requests from fans reunited in 2009; their first tour in Japan, in June 2009.

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Paul Gilbert

Paul Brandon Gilbert (born November 6, 1966 in illinois, USA) is an American guitarist. He is well known for his technical guitar work with Racer X and Mr. Big, as well as many solo albums and numerous collaborations.

Paul Gilbert is one of the guitar gods like Steve Vai, Yngwie, John Petrucci other. Paul previously known through his band Mr.Big group, which sells recordings Mr.Big helped raise Paul's name in the world of rock music.

Paul has stated many times that he was heavily influenced by his uncle Jimi Kidd who was instrumental in getting Paul interested in playing the guitar. He is also a great fan of The Beach Boys and The Beatles. He states on the Space Ship Live DVD that George Harrison is one of his favorite guitar players. Guitar World magazine declared him one of 50 of the world's fastest guitarists of all time, along with Buckethead, Eddie Van Halen, and Yngwie Malmsteen

Paul himself was enough mengegerkan world as a guitarist in the year 86-87 the fastest guitar player in the world when Paul was with the group the band Racer X. The technique has a perfect game when he just turned 17 that year.

At the age of 5 years (1971) Paul have started to learn guitar, 10 years later (1981) Paul try sending a demo tape to producer Mike Varney and outside dugaanya greatly admire Mike's playing alongside Tony Macalpine.

In 1984 Paul moved to LA and continued his guitar school to GIT (Guitar Institute of Technology) and has now become this prestigious guitar school instructors.

In 1986 he joined his first band Racer X with his debut album "Street Lethal", then "Second Heat" (1987) & "Live! Extreme Volume" (1988).

In 1989 Paul left the Racer X and Mr.Big band joined the group with a respected bass player "Billy Sheehan", vocalist Eric Martin and drummer Pat Torpey.
They launched her first album "Mr.Big" and Mr.Big debut in Japan in October.

Furthermore, Paul launched his next album: "Live! Raw Like Sushi" (1990), "Mr. Big - Lean into it" (1991), "Mr.Big - San Francisco Live" (1992), "Racer X - Live Extreme Volume 2 "(1992)," Mr.Big - Bump Ahead "(1993)," Mr.Big - Live! Raw Like Sushi 2 "(1994)," HEY MAN "&" The best of Mr.Big "(1996), "Hard Rock Cafe", "Live At Budokan" & solo "King of Club" (1997)

The song "To Be With You" (from album "Lean Into It") occupied the first position in the magazine Billborad USA for 3 weeks.

In 1998 Paul's first appearance in Japan with a solo album. Paul launched a solo album "Flying Dog". In 1999 Paul returned to Japan and launched his second solo album "Beehive Live" and the third album Racer X "Technical Difficulties".

Paul composes music in a wide variety of styles including pop, rock, metal, blues, funk and european classical music, but is perhaps best known for his versatility and speed. He is noted in particular for his efficient picking and his tendency to pick many notes rather than relying on legato for fast passages.

Burning Organ album of 2003 was released, this time into Indonesia under the auspices of the label Staria Enterprise. But the next album, Acoustic Samurai is no longer in Staria, but moved to Variant Music label. Then Paul held a promo tour of the album "Spaceship One" up to Indonesia. This was greeted enthusiastically by fans-fans, the article of many American artists who withdrew because of fear in sweeping by certain parties.

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Various Kinds of Musical Instruments

This instrument is an instrument that created or modified for the purpose of producing music. In principle, anything that produces sound, and a certain way can be arranged by the musicians, can be called as a musical instrument. Nevertheless, the term is generally reserved for equipment specifically intended for music.Field study of a musical instrument called organological.

Musical instruments based on sound sources

Idiofon, is a musical instrument sound sources originating from basic ingredients. Example: kolintang, drums, bongo, kabasa, angklung 
Aerofon, is a musical instrument sound sources originating from the blast of air in the cavity. Example: flute, trumpet, harmonica, trombone. 
Chordofon, is a musical instrument sound source comes from the strings. Example: bass, guitar, violin, guitar, sitar, piano, harp.
Membranofon, is a musical instrument sound source from the membrane or membranes. example: drums, drum, drums, tam-tam, tambourine 
Elektrofon, is a musical instrument sound sources generated by electricity (electronic). Example: keyboards, electric guitar, electric bass.

Play a musical instrument based on the way 

Wind instruments produce sound when a column of air in it vibrated. High-low tone is determined by the frequency of the generated waves associated with the air column length and shape of the instrument, while the timbre is affected by basic materials, construction tools and how to produce it. Examples of this instrument is the trumpet and flute.Percussion instruments produce sound when struck or beaten.Percussion instruments are divided into two pitched and pitched.The shape and material parts of the instrument and forms the cavity resonance, if any, will determine the resulting instrument sound.Examples are kolintang (pitched), drums (no tone), and bongo (no tone). 
Stringed instruments produce sound when the strings are vibrated by plucking. High-low tone is generated from the short length of string. 
Stringed instrument stringed instrument produces sound when swiped. As with stringed instruments, high-low tone depending on the length and shorter strings.

Musical instruments press 

Actually 'musical hit' does not include any category. But the way the press seems to be a part of the system produces the desired sound. Press instrument has three types: tap to hit, hit to blow, and tap to activate the electronic system. So if I may be categorized, 'musical hit' among others, acoustic piano (chordofon o'clock), the acoustic organ (aerofon), acordion (aerofon) and electronic musical instruments that use a key board (keyboard).

Electronic musical instrument 

Electronic musical instruments produce sound imitation of the original instrument (acoustic). The term synthesizer used for musical instruments that use a key board (keyboard). While the electric instruments used for musical instruments are equipped with electronic components. This tool is similar to how to play acoustic instruments. For example an electric guitar, electric drums and electric bass.

Single band 

The rapid development of digital technology led to the birth of software tools for the purpose of a more efficient and effective as a single band of musical instruments. This instrument is very practical as it is quite playable by one person. In it there is a rhythm (style), a variety of sounds, and simple recording facilities. Yamaha named this device with portasound (portable sounds). While Roland called as electone (electric tone).

Cheap price of the device and efesiennya costs, causing single band nowadays to be excellent for those who want entertainment economically practical. When compared with the full band at least is played by 4 people plus a powerful sound system, then the single band into alternative options are quite affordable.

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Elvis Aaron Presley

Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was one of the most popular American singers of the 20th century. A cultural icon, he is widely known by the single name Elvis. He is often referred to as the "King of Rock and Roll" or simply "the King".

Born in Tupelo, Mississippi, Presley moved to Memphis, Tennessee, with his family at the age of 13. He began his career there in 1954 when Sun Records owner Sam Phillips, eager to bring the sound of African-American music to a wider audience, saw in Presley the means to realize his ambition. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was one of the originators of rockabilly, an uptempo, backbeat-driven fusion of country and rhythm and blues. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, who would manage the singer for over two decades. Presley's first RCA single, "Heartbreak Hotel", released in January 1956, was a number one hit. He became the leading figure of the newly popular sound of rock and roll with a series of network television appearances and chart-topping records. His energized interpretations of songs, many from African American sources, and his uninhibited performance style made him enormously popular—and controversial. In November 1956, he made his film debut in Love Me Tender.

Conscripted into military service in 1958, Presley relaunched his recording career two years later with some of his most commercially successful work. He staged few concerts, however, and, guided by Parker, proceeded to devote much of the 1960s to making Hollywood movies and soundtrack albums, most of them critically derided. In 1968, after seven years away from the stage, he returned to live performance in a celebrated comeback television special that led to an extended Las Vegas concert residency and a string of profitable tours. In 1973, Presley staged the first concert broadcast globally via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii, seen by approximately 1.5 billion viewers. Prescription drug abuse severely compromised his health, and he died suddenly in 1977 at the age of 42.

Presley is regarded as one of the most important figures of 20th-century popular culture. He had a versatile voice and unusually wide success encompassing many genres, including country, pop ballads, gospel, and blues. He is the best-selling solo artist in the history of popular music. Nominated for 14 competitive Grammys, he won three, and received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36. He has been inducted into four music halls of fame.

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Rock and Roll

Rock and Roll is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s, primarily from a combination of the blues, country music, jazz, and gospel music. Though elements of rock and roll can be heard in country records of the 1930s, and in blues records from the 1920s, rock and roll did not acquire its name until the 1950s. An early form of rock and roll was rockabilly, which combined country and jazz with influences from traditional Appalachian folk music and gospel.

The term "rock and roll" now has at least two different meanings, both in common usage. The American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both define rock and roll as synonymous with rock music. Encyclopaedia Britannica, on the other hand, regards it as the music that originated in the mid-1950s and later evolved "into the more encompassing international style known as rock music." For the purpose of differentiation, this article uses the first definition, while the broader musical genre is discussed in the rock music article.

In the earliest rock and roll styles of the late 1940s and early 1950s, either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument, but these were generally replaced or supplemented by guitar in the middle to late 1950s. The beat is essentially a blues rhythm with an accentuated backbeat, the latter almost always provided by a snare drum. Classic rock and roll is usually played with one or two electric guitars (one lead, one rhythm), a string bass or (after the mid-1950s) an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit.

Rock and roll began achieving wide popularity in the 1960s. The massive popularity and eventual worldwide view of rock and roll gave it a widespread social impact. Bobby Gillespie writes that "When Chuck Berry sang 'Hail, hail, rock and roll, deliver me from the days of old,' that's exactly what the music was doing. Chuck Berry started the global psychic jailbreak that is rock'n'roll."
Far beyond simply a musical style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and on television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language. It went on to spawn various sub-genres, often without the initially characteristic backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply "rock music" or "rock.

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METALLICA

Metallica was first established in Los Angeles - the United States under the name The Young of Metal Attack. A few months later the group changed its name to Metallica said a combination of Metal and Vodca said. Metallica's name was actually a proposed name for a music magazine that was stolen by Lars Ulrich before the magazine got the name.

Formation is the first Metallica Lars Ulrich (drums), James Hetfield (vocals and guitar), Lloyd Grant (guitar) and Ron Mc Govney (bass). Formation is then gave birth to the first track titled Hit The Light, which then enters rock compilation album Metal Massacre in 1981.

After circulating "Metal Massacre", Ron and Grant resigned. Grant's position was replaced by Dave Mustaine and Cliff Burton replaced Ron position. This formation is then in July 1982 issued a demo album "No Life Till Leather". Demo is then delivered Metallica get an agent and then moved to New York.

In 1983, Metallica plans to do a short tour to several cities. Unfortunately instead involved Hetfield and Mustaine feud, until finally "Mustaine" out and later founded Megadeth. Position Mustaine was replaced by "Kirk Hammett", Exodus guitarist of the group. The third formation is then released the album Kill 'Em All in May 1983.
In 1984, Metallica was compounded by issuing the album Ride the Lightning. This album is survived 50 weeks in the Billboard Top 200. In order to facilitate their campaign also released a mini album Jump In The Fire.
September 1985, Metallica Master Of Puppets album produced. Metallica re-entered the Billboard Top 40 for 72 weeks. This album is an album that went platinum without a single and video.

September 27, 1986, on tour to Scandinavia - the bus they were traveling crashed and "Cliff Burton" (bass) died. This event was hitting all the band members. Even Dave Mustaine of Megadeth was founded, to commemorate the death of Cliff in the song In My Darkest Hour (Megadeth album: So Far .. So Good .. So What!). October 1986, the position of Cliff Burton was replaced by "Jason Newsted", bassist of the group Floatsam And Jetsam.

Album ... And Justice For All outstanding September 1988. This is where Metallica started to remove the video clip. Their first video for the song One, the video reached number one on MTV. This success encouraged the production of video clips later Cliff 'Em All a memorable video for Cliff Burton.

Metallica album was recorded late 1990. This album makes Metallica reached quadruple platinum sales and became the number one album in eight European countries and America. As well as the award-winning Grammy Award category Best Metal Viewers two consecutive years.

"Jason Newsted" quit the band after a fight with "James Hetfield". Jason Newsted is due to feud over spending time with his own projects. The other band members think Metallica should come first, even though at the time Metallica was a vacuum.
This group currently consists of Lars Ulrich (drums), James Hetfield (vocals and guitar), Kirk Hammett (guitar) and Robert Trujillo (bass). Former members include Ron McGovney (bass), Dave Mustaine (guitar), Cliff Burton (bass) and Jason Newsted (bass).

On August 10, 2008 Metallica have finally completed the process of recording their new studio album to nine "Death Magnetic" which will be launched on September 12, 2008 worldwide.
The album was produced by "Rick Rubin" and the recording process is done at Sound City Studios, Shangri La Studios and Metallica in the studio itself.

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The Rolling Stones

The Rolling Stones are an English rock band, formed in London in April 1962 by Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Ian Stewart (piano), Mick Jagger (lead vocals, harmonica, guitar), and Keith Richards (guitar, vocals). Bassist Bill Wyman and drummer Charlie Watts completed the early line-up. R&B and blues cover songs dominated the Rolling Stones' early material, but their repertoire has always included rock and roll. Critic and musicologist Robert Palmer attributes the Rolling Stones' endurance and relevance to having been "rooted in traditional verities, in rhythm-and-blues and soul music" while "more ephemeral pop fashions have come and gone".

The Rolling Stones have been credited for the greater international popularity of the primitive urban blues typified by Chess Records' artists such as Muddy Waters, writer of the song after which the band is named, "Rollin' Stone".
Jones initially led the band, but after teaming as songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership. By 1969, Jones' diminishing contributions to the band and his inability to tour led to his departure from the band three weeks before he drowned. His immediate replacement Mick Taylor stayed with the band until 1974, and was replaced by Ronnie Wood. Wyman retired from the band in 1993; his replacement Darryl Jones has not been made a full member. Stewart was taken from the official line-up in 1963 and continued as the band's road manager and occasional keyboardist until his death in 1985. Since 1982, Chuck Leavell has been the band's primary keyboardist.

First popular in Europe, the Rolling Stones quickly became successful in North America during the British Invasion of the mid 1960s. Having released 22 studio albums in the United Kingdom (24 in the United States), nine live albums (ten in the US), and numerous compilations, their worldwide sales are estimated at more than 200 million albums. Sticky Fingers (1971) began a string of eight consecutive studio albums reaching number one in the United States. Their most recent album of entirely new material, A Bigger Bang, was released in 2005. In 1989, the Rolling Stones were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and in 2004, they ranked number 4 in Rolling Stone magazine's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. In 2008, Billboard magazine ranked the Rolling Stones at number ten on "The Billboard Hot 100 Top All-Time Artists", and as the second most successful group in the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

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The Beatles

The Beatles were an english rock band formed in Liverpool, active throughout the 1960s and one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed acts in the history of popular music. this  group consisted of John Lennon (rhythm guitar, vocals), Paul McCartney (bass guitar, vocals), George Harrison (lead guitar, vocals) and Ringo Starr (drums, vocals). Rooted in skiffle and 1950s rock and roll, the group later worked in many genres ranging from pop ballads to psychedelic rock, often incorporating classical and other elements in innovative ways. The nature of their enormous popularity, which first emerged as "Beatlemania", transformed as their songwriting grew in sophistication. They came to be perceived as the embodiment of ideals of the social and cultural revolutions of the 1960s.

Initially a five-piece line-up of Lennon, McCartney, Harrison, Stuart Sutcliffe (bass) and Pete Best (drums), they built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960. Sutcliffe left the group in 1961, and Best was replaced by Starr the following year. Moulded into a professional outfit by their manager, Brian Epstein, their musical potential was enhanced by the creativity of producer George Martin. They achieved mainstream success in the United Kingdom in late 1962, with their first single, "Love Me Do". Gaining international popularity and acquiring the nickname "Fab Four" the following year, they toured extensively until 1966. During their subsequent "studio years", they produced what critics consider some of their finest material including the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967), widely regarded as a masterpiece. After their break-up in 1970, the band members all found success in independent musical careers. Lennon was murdered outside his home in New York City in 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in 2001. McCartney and Starr remain active.

The Beatles are the best-selling band in the history of popular music, and over four decades after their break-up, their recordings are still in demand. They have had more number one albums on the UK charts and have held the top spot longer than any other musical act. According to the RIAA, they have sold more albums in the United States than any other artist, and they headed Billboard magazine's list of all-time top Hot 100 artists in 2008. They have received 7 Grammy Awards from the American National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences and 15 Ivor Novello Awards from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors. They were collectively included in Time magazine's compilation of the 20th century's 100 most influential people.

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Flute

The flute is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. Unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is an aerophone or reedless wind instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening. According to the instrument classification of Hornbostel-Sachs, flutes are categorized as edge-blown aerophones. A musician who plays the flute can be referred to as a flute player, a flutist, or less commonly a fluter.

Aside from the voice, flutes are the earliest known musical instruments. A number of flutes dating to about 40,000 to 35,000 years ago have been found in the Swabian Alb region of Germany. These flutes demonstrate that a developed musical tradition existed from the earliest period of modern human presence in Europe.

The oldest flute ever discovered may be a fragment of the femur of a juvenile cave bear, with two to four holes, found at Divje Babe in Slovenia and dated to about 43,000 years ago. However, this has been disputed. In 2008 another flute dated back to at least 35,000 years ago was discovered in Hohle Fels cave near Ulm, Germany. The five-holed flute has a V-shaped mouthpiece and is made from a vulture wing bone. The researchers involved in the discovery officially published their findings in the journal Nature, in August 2009. The discovery is also the oldest confirmed find of any musical instrument in history. The flute, one of several found, was found in the Hohle Fels cavern next to the Venus of Hohle Fels and a short distance from the oldest known human carving. On announcing the discovery, scientists suggested that the "finds demonstrate the presence of a well-established musical tradition at the time when modern humans colonized Europe". Scientists have also suggested that the discovery of the flute may help to explain "the probable behavioural and cognitive gulf between" Neanderthals and early modern human.

A three-holed flute, 18.7 cm long, made from a mammoth tusk (in the southern German Swabian Alb and dated to 30,000 to 37,000 years ago) was discovered in 2004, and two flutes made from swan bones excavated a decade earlier (from the same cave in Germany, dated to circa 36,000 years ago) are among the oldest known musical instruments.

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SITAR

Sitar is a plucked stringed instrument predominantly used in Hindustani classical music, where since the Middle Ages. It derives its resonance from sympathetic strings, a long hollow neck and a gourd resonating chamber.
Used throughout the Indian subcontinent, particularly in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, the sitar became known in the western world through the work of Pandit Ravi Shankar beginning in the late 1950s and early 1960s after The Kinks' top 10 single.
The sitar saw further use in popular music after The Beatles featured the sitar in their compositions, namely "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)" and "Within You Without You". Their use of the instrument came as a result of George Harrison taking lessons on how to play it from Shankar and Shambhu Das. Shortly after, The Rolling Stones used a sitar in "Paint It, Black" and a brief fad began for using the instrument in pop songs.

The sitar's curved frets are movable, allowing fine tuning, and raised so that sympathetic strings (tarb, also known as "taarif" or "tarafdaar") can run underneath them. A sitar can have 21, 22, or 23 strings, among them six or seven played strings which run over the frets and has six playable strings, whereas the Kharaj-pancham sitar, used in the Maihar gharana, to which Pt. Ravi Shankar belongs, has seven. Three of these (or four on a Kharaj-pancham sitar), called the chikaari, simply provide a drone: the rest are used to play the melody, though the first string (baajtaar) is most used.
The instrument has two bridges; the large bridge (badaa goraa) for the playing and drone strings and the small bridge (chota goraa) for the sympathetic strings. Its timbre results from the way the strings interact with the wide, sloping bridge. As a string reverberates its length changes slightly as its edge touches the bridge, promoting the creation of overtones and giving the sound its distinctive tone. The maintenance of this specific tone by shaping the bridge is called jawari. Many musicians rely on instrument makers to adjust this.
Materials used in construction include teak wood or tun wood (Cedrela tuna), which is a variation of mahogany, for the neck and faceplate (tabli), and gourds for the kaddu (the main resonating chamber). The instrument's bridges are made of deer horn, ebony, or very occasionally from camel bone. Synthetic material is now common as well. The sitar may have a secondary resonator, the tumbaa, near the top of its hollow neck.

The instrument is balanced between the player's left foot and right knee. The hands move freely without having to carry any of the instrument's weight. The player plucks the string using a metallic pick or plectrum called a mizraab. The thumb stays anchored on the top of the fretboard just above the main gourd. Generally only the index and middle fingers are used for fingering although a few players occasionally use the third. A specialized technique called "meand" involves pulling the main melody string down over the bottom portion of the sitar's curved frets, with which the sitarist can achieve a 7 semitone range of microtonal notes (it should be noted, however, that because of the sitar's movable frets, sometimes a fret may be set to a microtone already, and no bending would be required). Adept players bring in charisma through use of special techniques.

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Bruno Mars

Peter Gene Hernandez (born October 8, 1985), better known by his stage name Bruno Mars, is an American singer-songwriter and record producer. Raised in Honolulu, Hawaii by a family of musicians, Mars began making music at a young age. After performing in various musical venues in his hometown throughout his childhood, he decided to pursue a musical career and moved to Los Angeles after graduating from high school. Mars began producing songs for other artists, joining production team The Smeezingtons.

After an unsuccessful stint with Motown Records, Mars signed with Atlantic Records in 2009. He became recognized as a solo artist after lending his vocals and co-writing the hooks for the songs "Nothin' on You" by B.o.B, and "Billionaire" by Travie McCoy. He also co-wrote the hits "Right Round" by Flo Rida featuring Ke$ha, "Wavin' Flag" by K'naan. In October 2010, he released his debut album, Doo-Wops & Hooligans. Anchored by the worldwide number one singles "Just the Way You Are" and "Grenade", the album peaked at number three on the Billboard 200. He was nominated for seven Grammys at the 53rd Grammy Awards, winning Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for "Just the Way You Are".

Mars' music is noted for displaying a wide variety of styles and influences, and contains elements of many different musical genres. He has worked with an assortment of artists from different genres, Mars acknowledges the influences that his collaborations have had on his own music. As a child, he was highly influenced by artists such as Elvis Presley and Michael Jackson and would often impersonate these artists from a young age. Mars also incorporates reggae and Motown inspired sounds into his work. Jon Caramanica of The New York Times referred to Mars as "one of the most versatile and accessible singers in pop.

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"KAMAR GELAP" Album Kedua Efek Rumah Kaca

Efek Rumah Kaca kembali memotret ragam fenomena sosial di album kedua bertajuk ”Kamar Gelap”. Band yang dibintangi oleh: Cholil (vokal - gitar), Adrian (bass - vokal latar), dan Akbar (drum, vokal latar), Masih bermain di area pop, ditambah sedikit arsiran indie rock, punk, progressive rock, dan jazz.

Titel album ”Kamar Gelap” diambil dari lagu berjudul sama di album kedua ini. ”Kamar Gelap” adalah representasi konsep bermusik Efek Rumah Kaca (ERK), yaitu memotret realitas. Untuk menyempurnakannya, ERK berkarya bersama Angki Purbandono yang seorang seniman berbasis fotografi dari Ruang MES 56 Yogyakarta, yang menangani arahan seni kemasan album ini. Sebuah paket musik dan fotografi.

Ada 12 lagu di ”Kamar Gelap”, setiap komposisi musiknya dirancang untuk mendukung tema dan lirik lagunya, begitupun sebaliknya.

Tubuhmu Membiru... Tragis.

Lagu pembuka, bercerita tentang orang yang selalu berada ”di ketinggian” dan mendengar suara-suara menghasut. Halusinatif.

Kau dan Aku Menuju Ruang Hampa

Lagu cinta yang gusar dengan gitar berdistorsi. Tentang tarik menarik pemaksaan kehendak; ”kau belah dadaku/ mengganti isinya/ hisap pikiranku/ memori terhapu.."

Mosi Tidak Percaya

Orang-orang yang kita pilih dan percaya untuk menyuarakan kepentingan kita, ternyata bagai tercebur ke dalam kolam racun. Geram sejak lirik-lirik pertama: ”Ini masalah kuasa.. Alibimu berharga.. Kalau kami tak percaya.. Lantas kau mau apa?”, lalu mengajak sing - a long bertubi-tubi ”Ini mosi tidak percaya.. Kami tak mau lagi diperdaya”.

Lagu Kesepian

”Ku tak melihat kau membawa terang yang kau janjikan…” Lagu cinta, tentang janji tak digenapi. Dominasi nuansa akustik.

Hujan Jangan Marah

Lagu tertua di album ini, diciptakan tahun 1999 ketika banjir terjadi di Jakarta. Lagu ini adalah doa, agar alam tidak lekas marah. Harapannya, hujan turun sesuai siklusnya. Sayang, manusia merusak itu. Komposisi musik sangat terpengaruh oleh gaya ”pop progresif Indonesia” yang sempat popular di era 70-an.

Kenakalan Remaja di Era Informatika

Video phone sex semakin merajalela, saatnya bersikap dewasa terhadap teknologi. Single pertama album ini.

Menjadi Indonesia

Kapankah Indonesia bangun dari tidur? Nuansa patriotis, judul lagu terinspirasi dari judul yang sama pada buku karangan Parakitri T. Simbolon.

Kamar Gelap

Kenyataan, fotografi, dan sisi gelap-terangnya.

Jangan Bakar Buku

”Karena setiap lembarnya mengalir berjuta cahaya…” Negara ini punya sejarah yang panjang tentang pembakaran buku. Menurut kami, buku untuk dibaca, bukan dibakar, apa pun alasannya. Turut serta Ade Firza Paloh dari SORE pada vokal dan Iman Fattah (LAIN, Zeke And The Popo) pada gitar.

Banyak Asap di Sana

Tentang pemerataaan sumber daya/ekonomi yang seringkali menyebabkan para pemuda pemudi lari ke kota dan menggantungkan cita-citanya di sana. Hanya nama itu berulang di kepala: ”kota…kota…kota..”

Laki-laki Pemalu

Ungkapan cinta tak sempat terucap. Diiringi alunan waltz malu-malu. Ramondo Gascaro dari SORE bermain keyboard. Ade Firza Paloh menyudahi lagu dengan vokal latar yang tenang.

Balerina

Hidup bagai balerina, adalah keseimbangan. Petikan gitar jangly menari-nari, menjadi penutup album ini.

Kamar gelap dirlis Jumat, 19 Desember 2008. Debut album self-title ”Efek Rumah Kaca” dirilis September 2007 yang menuai cukup banyak respon positif dari kalangan media, kritikus, dan pendengar musik Indonesia. Mengantarkan Efek Rumah Kaca tampil di sejumlah kota di Indonesia pada sepanjang 2008, sekaligus antara lain meraih MTV Indonesia Award 2008, “Rookie of The Year 2008” versi Rolling Stone Indonesia, dan nominator AMI Award 2008.

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VIOLIN

The violin is a stringed musical instrument played by means swiped. The violin has four strings (GDAE), which is set different from each other by intervals of perfect fifth. The lowest tone is G. Among the violin family, with the viola, cello and double bass or contra bass, the violin has the highest tones. Other stringed musical instruments, bass, technically entered the viol family. Sheet music for violin almost always uses a key or written on G.

A name that is commonly used for violin fiddle, and violin is often called a fiddle when used to play traditional songs.

In the Indonesian language, people who play the violin is called a violinist (pebiola), or a violinist (English: violinist - distinguished by violinist or viola player). People who make or fix a stringed musical instrument called a luthier.

A violin is divided into several parts, the violin body, neck violin, viola bridge, finger board, strings, and several kinds of tools. Auxiliary devices, among other tuner pegs for each string, tail to hold the violin strings, pins and straps to hold the tail of a violin, a violin tuner add-on tail when needed, and a chin support. (Buffer chin can be incorporated with a violin or a tail attached to his left.)

Violin body consists of two curved soundboard united by a wood called ribs are glued violin using animal glue, animal hide glue, or resin. Ordinary violin ribs consist of the top, the four corners, the bottom, and the thin line called the inner layer, which helps maintain the grooves on the violin ribs, and extend the surface for gluing. Viewed either from front or from behind, the violin body shape resembles an hourglass. Two curve resembles the letter C on either side provides space for violin violin bow to move.

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History of Banjo

There are several theories concerning the origin of the name banjo. It may derive from the Kimbundu term mbanza. Some etymologists believe it comes from a dialectal pronunciation of the Portuguese "bandore" or from an early anglicisation of the Spanish word "bandurria", though other research suggests that it may come from a Senegambian term for a bamboo stick formerly used for the instrument's neck.

Another theory believes the name may find its origin in the name of music professor, Steven Banjo, a prominent citizen of St. Louis, Missouri around the turn of the century. The song "Banjos" featured in the Broadway version of "Meet Me In St. Louis" (based on the popular Judy Garland film of the same name) pays homage to this great man in history.

Various instruments are known in Africa with a skin head and gourd (or similar shell) body. The African instruments differ from early Afro American banjos in that the necks do not possess a Western-style fingerboard and tuning pegs, instead having stick necks, with strings attached to the neck with loops for tuning. Banjos with fingerboards and tuning pegs are known from the Caribbean as early as the 17th Century. 18th and early 19th century writers transcribed the name of these instruments variously as "bangie", "banza", "banjer" and "banjar". Instruments similar to the banjo (e.g., the Japanese shamisen, Persian tar and Morroccan sintir) have been played in many countries. Another likely ancestor of the banjo is the akonting, a spike folk lute played by the Jola tribe of Senegambia, and the ubaw-akwala of the Igbo. Similar instruments include the xalam of Senegal and the ngoni of the Wassoulou region including parts of Mali, Guinea, and the Ivory Coast as well as a larger variation of the ngoni developed in Moroccan by sub-Saharan Africans known as the Gimbri.

Early, African-influenced banjos were built around a gourd body and a wooden stick neck. These instruments had varying numbers of strings, though often including some form of drone. The five-string banjo was popularized by Joel Walker Sweeney, an American minstrel performer from Appomattox Court House, Virginia.

In the 1830s Sweeney became the first white man to play the banjo on stage. His version of the instrument replaced the gourd with a drum-like sound box and included four full-length strings alongside a short fifth-string. There is no proof, however, that Sweeney invented either innovation. Banjos were introduced in Britain by Sweeney's group, the American Virginia Minstrels, in the 1840s, and became very popular in music halls.

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BANJO

The banjo is a stringed instrument with four or five strings, which vibrate a membrane of plastic material or animal hide stretched over a circular frame. Simpler forms of the instrument were fashioned by enslaved Africans in Colonial America, adapted from several African instruments of the same basic design.

The banjo is usually associated with country, folk, classical music, Irish traditional music and bluegrass music. Historically, the banjo occupied a central place in African traditional music, before becoming popular in the minstrel shows of the 19th century. In fact, blacks influenced early development of the music that became country and bluegrass, through the introduction of the banjo and through the innovation of musical techniques for both the banjo and violin. banjo with the violin, is a mainstay of American old-time music.

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BLUES

Blues is the name given to both a musical form and a music genre that originated in African-American communities of primarily the "Deep South" of the United States at the end of the 19th century from spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts and chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads.
The term "the blues" refers to the "blue devils", meaning melancholy and sadness.

The first publication of blues sheet music was Hart Wand's "Dallas Blues" in 1912, W. C. Handy's "The Memphis Blues" followed in the same year. The first recording by an African American singer was Mamie Smith's 1920 rendition of Perry Bradford's "Crazy Blues". But the origins of the blues date back to some decades earlier, probably around 1890. They are very poorly documented, due in part to racial discrimination within American society, including academic circles, and to the low literacy rate of the rural African American community at the time. Chroniclers began to report about blues music in Southern Texas and Deep South at the dawn of the 20th century.

In particular, Charles Peabody mentioned the appearance of blues music at Clarksdale, Mississippi and Gate Thomas reported very similar songs in southern Texas around 1901–1902. These observations coincide more or less with the remembrance of Jelly Roll Morton, who declared having heard blues for the first time in New Orleans in 1902, Ma Rainey, who remembered her first blues experience the same year in Missouri, and W.C. Handy, who first heard the blues in Tutwiler, Mississippi in 1903. The first extensive research in the field was performed by Howard W. Odum, who published a large anthology of folk songs in the counties of Lafayette, Mississippi and Newton, Georgia between 1905 and 1908. The first non-commercial recordings of blues music, termed "proto-blues" by Paul Oliver, were made by Odum at the very beginning of the 20th century for research purposes. They are now utterly lost. Other recordings that are still available were made in 1924 by Lawrence Gellert. Later, several recordings were made by Robert W. Gordon, who became head of the Archive of American Folk Songs of the Library of Congress. Gordon's successor at the Library was John Lomax.

In the 1930s, together with his son Alan, Lomax made a large number of non-commercial blues recordings that testify to the huge variety of proto-blues styles, such as field hollers and ring shouts. A record of blues music as it existed before the 1920s is also given by the recordings of artists such as Lead Belly or Henry Thomas who both performed archaic blues music.

Blues has evolved from the unaccompanied vocal music and oral traditions of slaves imported from West Africa and rural blacks into a wide variety of styles and subgenres, with regional variations across the United States. Though blues, as it is now known, can be seen as a musical style based on both European harmonic structure and the African call-and-response tradition, transformed into an interplay of voice and guitar, the blues form itself bears no resemblance to the melodic styles of the West African griots, and the influences are faint and tenuous.

In particular, no specific African musical form can be identified as the single direct ancestor of the blues. However many blues elements, such as the call-and-response format and the use of blue notes, can be traced back to the music of Africa. That blue notes pre-date their use in blues and have an African origin is attested by English composer Samuel Coleridge-Taylor's "A Negro Love Song", from his The African Suite for Piano composed in 1898, which contains blue third and seventh notes.

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