The first electric synthesizer was invented in 1876 by Elisha Gray, who is best known for his development of a telephone prototype.
In 1920s, Arseny Avraamov developed various systems of graphic sonic art.
The Hammond Novachord was an early but unsuccessful harbinger of synth technology in the 1930s-40s. In 1949, Japanese composer Minao Shibata discussed the concept of "a musical instrument with very high performance" that can "synthesize any kind of sound waves" and is "operated very easily," predicting that with such an instrument, "the music scene will be changed drastically."
In 1958, the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center developed the RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer, the first programmable synthesizer.
Prominent composers such as Vladimir Ussachevsky, Otto Luening, Milton Babbitt, Halim El-Dabh, Bülent Arel, Charles Wuorinen and Mario Davidovsky used the RCA Synthesizer extensively in various compositions.
Robert Moog introduced the first commercially available modern synthesizer in 1964. In the 1970s the development of miniaturized solid-state components allowed synthesizers to become self-contained, portable instruments. By the early 1980s companies were selling compact, modestly priced synthesizers to the public. This, along with the development of Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI), made it easier to integrate and synchronize synthesizers and other electronic instruments for use in musical composition. In the 1990s, synthesizers began to appear as computer software, known as software synthesizers.
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